What is Drug-induced Psychosis?

Drug-induced psychosis, also known as stimulant psychosis is a result of usage of drugs or stimulants that may trigger a psychotic episode. This can occur in individuals who have a predisposition to mental illness. By using drugs such as cocaine, cannabis and hallucinogens, it may exacerbate the symptoms of some mental illnesses. Some drugs if taken frequently for long periods may also manifest as psychotic symptoms. Symptoms may indicate bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Drug-induced psychosis is often a feature of dual diagnosis, which is a co-occurring mental health and substance abuse disorder that requires specialised treatment.

SYMPTOMS
When mental illness is already diagnosed, or is underlying in drug use, it becomes more difficult to identify symptoms exclusive to drug use itself. If psychosis is not drug related, symptoms will likely continue after drug usage ceases. With drug-induced psychosis it is more likely that symptoms will subside after the drug wears off. Some usage however may cause prolonged symptoms and side effects for extended periods after drug use stops.Symptoms are gradual with drug use and may include several effects, including delusions or hallucinations. Other symptoms include;Emotional changes, such as not showing emotion and difficulty expressing feelingsViolent or erratic behaviour, possibly actions that can be dangerous

Social withdrawal
Lack of motivation and lethargyDisorganised speech, thoughts and actions

POSSIBLE CAUSES
Drugs interfere with the process of release of brain chemicals, such as serotonin or dopamine. The internal structure of the brain may be effected and change brain function. It is important to first determine if symptoms are a result of substance use or other factors such as trauma or biological. A proper diagnosis is important for any signs of psychosis.

Extended periods of drug use or withdrawal from substances such as cannabis, amphetamines, hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD and PSP, and cocaine can cause psychotic symptoms for short or more extended periods. Alcohol may also cause mental confusion, delusions and disorientation but these symptoms usually subside once the alcohol wears off.

People who have had an episode of drug-induced psychosis are in a high-risk category of experiencing another psychotic episode in the future. If a mental illness is already present or diagnosed, using drugs or alcohol to self-medicate in order to relieve some symptoms may make symptoms worse. It may also lead to other problems such as drug or alcohol addiction.

Frequent and prolonged use of psychoactive substances may result in longer term psychotic symptoms, making it difficult to differentiate from other psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia.